Estudo Da Prevalência Da Hipertensão Arterial Em Crianças E Adolescentes Na Região De Lisboa E Vale Do Tejo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58043/rphrc.154Palavras-chave:
Hipertensão Arterial, Pressão Arterial Elevada, Criança e AdolescenteResumo
Introdução: A hipertensão arterial (HTA) é um fator de risco importante de doença cardiovascular (DCV) em qualquer idade. Estima-se uma prevalência na criança de 3-5%. O conhecimento da sua prevalência permite adequar medidas de controlo, tratamento e prevenção, procurando diminuir a morbilidade e mortalidade associadas à DCV.Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência da HTA em crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar e o efeito de variáveis sociodemográficas e somatométricas no perfil tensional.
Metodologia: Estudo multicêntrico, observacional, prospetivo e transversal que decorreu entre 2016 e 2019. Amostra com crianças entre os 6 e 18 anos, residentes na região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. Realizada medição da pressão arterial (PA) pelo método oscilométrico, em ambiente escolar. A classificação do perfil tensional em PA normal, PA elevada (PAE) e hipertensão arterial (HTA), baseou-se nos critérios da ESH-2016. Registados género, idade, raça, escolaridade, peso e estatura. Realizada análise estatística descritiva.
Resultados: Participantes: 1245 crianças, 215 participantes entre os 6-10 anos (17%); 720 entre 11-15 anos (58%) e 310 com 16 -18 anos (25%). Caucasianos: 88%; género feminino: 635 (51%). Registaram-se 16% com excesso de peso e 7% de obesos. A prevalência de HTA é de 8,4% e de PAE 12,8%. Registaram-se entre os 6-10 anos 5,6% de casos de HTA; 11-15 anos: 8,6% e 16-18 anos: 10%. Nos rapazes 10,5% tinham HTA (vs F.6,5%-p<0,001). Na raça caucasiana 8,7% apresentavam HTA, 6% na raça negra e 5,9 % entre asiáticos. As crianças com excesso de peso ou obesidade apresentaram valores mais elevados de HTA, 17% e 26% respetivamente.
Discussão/Conclusão: A prevalência de HTA é elevada (8,4%) e aumenta com a idade, género masculino e nível de escolaridade mais avançado. Excesso de peso e obesidade contribuem para o aumento dos casos de HTA.
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