O PAPEL DA LITERACIA EM SAÚDE NA ADESÃO TERAPÊUTICA EM DOENTES COM HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL: UMA REVISÃO BASEADA NA EVIDÊNCIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58043/rphrc.161Palavras-chave:
Hipertensão arterial, literacia em saúde, adesão terapêuticaResumo
Introdução: A Hipertensão Arterial (HTA) é a doença cardiovascular mais prevalente a nível mundial. Apenas uma em cada cinco pessoas com HTA terá a doença controlada. A adesão terapêutica desempenha um papel crucial no controlo da HTA. Num estudo realizado em 2008, constatou-se que metade dos pacientes com medicação anti-hipertensora a descontinuaram no prazo de um ano.Objetivo: Compreender o papel da literacia em saúde na adesão terapêutica em adultos com HTA.
Métodos: Para a realização desta revisão, foram usados os MeSH terms: “health literacy” AND “hypertension” AND “medication adherence”. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de revisões sistemáticas (RS), ensaios clínicos randomizados, meta-análises e artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2023, nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, nas bases de dados Cochrane Library e PubMed. Foi utilizada a metodologia PICO - População: adultos (≥18 anos) com HTA; Intervenção: literacia em saúde; Comparação: não intervenção; Outcome: adesão terapêutica; O nível de evidência e os graus de força de recomendação foram atribuídos tendo por base a classificação SORT (Strenght of Recomendation Taxonomy).
Resultados: Da pesquisa inicial, foram selecionados 108 artigos, dos quais 82 foram excluídos após leitura do título ou do resumo. Após leitura integral dos artigos, 9 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão: duas RS e 7 estudos observacionais.
Discussão/Conclusão: Dos 9 estudos analisados, três não demonstraram relação estatisticamente significativa (n=807), enquanto que 6 demonstraram relação estatisticamente significativa (n=4094).
A principal limitação identificada foi o uso de diferentes escalas para a avaliação da adesão terapêutica e da literacia em saúde. Destaca-se ainda que a população avaliada na maioria dos estudos pertence a minorias e, até à data, nenhum estudo foi realizado a nível europeu.
De acordo com a revisão realizada, a evidência aponta para impacto positivo da literacia em saúde na adesão terapêutica em adultos com HTA (Força de recomendação B).
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